Создание БД и пользователя ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ psql -h localhost -p 5435 -U postgres => create database db23; CREATE DATABASE => create user usr password 'mypassword'; CREATE ROLE Исправим pg_hba.conf (добавим нужную строку в начало файла, если ее еще нет): postgres4> /bin/bash -c "cd /usr/local/pgsql4/data; grep -q \"local all usr md5\" pg_hba.conf || { echo \"local all usr md5\"; cat pg_hba.conf; } > pg_hba.conf.new; mv pg_hba.conf{.new,}" Вот что получилось (не считая комментариев): postgres4> egrep ^[^#] /usr/local/pgsql4/data/pg_hba.conf local all usr md5 local all all trust host all all 127.0.0.1/32 trust host all all ::1/128 trust Добавим пароль в .pgpass, чтобы не вводить его вручную (выполняя задание, этот шаг лучше пропустить; иначе непонятно, срабатывает аутентификация по паролю или безусловный доступ, включенный по умолчанию). postgres4> /bin/bash -c "echo \"*:*:*:usr:mypassword\" > /home/postgres4/.pgpass" postgres4> chmod 0600 /home/postgres4/.pgpass Расширение и таблица ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ => \c db23 You are now connected to database "db23" as user "postgres". => create extension hstore; CREATE EXTENSION => \q psql -h localhost -p 5435 -d db23 -U usr => \conninfo You are connected to database "db23" as user "usr" on host "localhost" at port "5435". => create table test(id serial, kv hstore); CREATE TABLE => insert into test(kv) values ('a=>1,b=>2'::hstore); INSERT 0 1 => insert into test(kv) values ('c=>3,d=>4'::hstore); INSERT 0 1 Резервная копия ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ postgres4> /bin/bash -c "pg_dumpall > /home/postgres4/dump.sql" Добавим табличное пространство по умолчанию: postgres4> grep "CREATE DATABASE db23" /home/postgres4/dump.sql CREATE DATABASE db23 WITH TEMPLATE = template0 OWNER = postgres; postgres4> sed -i "s/\\'(CREATE DATABASE db23 WITH\\')/\\'1 TABLESPACE = ts/" /home/postgres4/dump.sql postgres4> grep "CREATE DATABASE db23" /home/postgres4/dump.sql CREATE DATABASE db23 WITH TABLESPACE = ts TEMPLATE = template0 OWNER = postgres; Обновление на 9.5 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Останавливаем сервер и переносим кластер в другой каталог: => \q postgres4> pg_ctl stop waiting for server to shut down.... done server stopped sudo rm -rf /usr/local/pgsql4_9.4 sudo mv /usr/local/pgsql4/ /usr/local/pgsql4_9.4/ Устанавливаем версию 9.5 и расширение hstore (вывод перенаправлен в /dev/null, чтобы не занимать место в этом документе): sudo sh -c "make -C /home/student/postgresql-9.5.3 install > /dev/null" sudo sh -c "make -C /home/student/postgresql-9.5.3/contrib/hstore install > /dev/null" Инициализируем кластер 9.5. sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/pgsql4/data sudo chown postgres4 /usr/local/pgsql4/data postgres4> pg_ctl -o "-U postgres" initdb The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres4". This user must also own the server process. The database cluster will be initialized with locales COLLATE: en_US.UTF-8 CTYPE: en_US.UTF-8 MESSAGES: en_US.UTF-8 MONETARY: ru_RU.UTF-8 NUMERIC: ru_RU.UTF-8 TIME: ru_RU.UTF-8 The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8". The default text search configuration will be set to "english". Data page checksums are disabled. fixing permissions on existing directory /usr/local/pgsql4/data ... ok creating subdirectories ... ok selecting default max_connections ... 100 selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix creating configuration files ... ok creating template1 database in /usr/local/pgsql4/data/base/1 ... ok initializing pg_authid ... ok initializing dependencies ... ok creating system views ... ok loading system objects' descriptions ... ok creating collations ... ok creating conversions ... ok creating dictionaries ... ok setting privileges on built-in objects ... ok creating information schema ... ok loading PL/pgSQL server-side language ... ok vacuuming database template1 ... ok copying template1 to template0 ... ok copying template1 to postgres ... ok syncing data to disk ... ok WARNING: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or --auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb. Success. You can now start the database server using: /usr/local/pgsql4/bin/pg_ctl -D /usr/local/pgsql4/data -l logfile start Восстанавливаем pg_hba.conf: postgres4> cp /usr/local/pgsql4_9.4/data/pg_hba.conf /usr/local/pgsql4/data/ Настройки postgresql.conf не копируем, но в реальной жизни это, конечно, необходимо. Стартуем кластер и создаем табличное пространство: postgres4> rm -rf /home/postgres4/ts_dir postgres4> mkdir /home/postgres4/ts_dir postgres4> pg_ctl start -w -l /home/postgres4/logfile waiting for server to start.... done server started psql -h localhost -p 5435 -U postgres => create tablespace ts location '/home/postgres4/ts_dir'; CREATE TABLESPACE => \q Восстанавливаем из резервной копии: postgres4> psql -f /home/postgres4/dump.sql SET SET SET psql:/home/postgres4/dump.sql:14: ERROR: role "postgres" already exists ALTER ROLE CREATE ROLE ALTER ROLE CREATE DATABASE REVOKE REVOKE GRANT GRANT You are now connected to database "db23" as user "postgres". SET SET SET SET SET SET SET CREATE EXTENSION COMMENT CREATE EXTENSION COMMENT SET SET SET CREATE TABLE ALTER TABLE CREATE SEQUENCE ALTER TABLE ALTER SEQUENCE ALTER TABLE COPY 2 setval -------- 2 (1 row) REVOKE REVOKE GRANT GRANT You are now connected to database "postgres" as user "postgres". SET SET SET SET SET SET SET COMMENT CREATE EXTENSION COMMENT REVOKE REVOKE GRANT GRANT You are now connected to database "template1" as user "postgres". SET SET SET SET SET SET SET COMMENT CREATE EXTENSION COMMENT REVOKE REVOKE GRANT GRANT При создании роли postgres выдается ошибка, поскольку такая роль уже существует, но это не проблема. Проверка работоспособности ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ psql -h localhost -p 5435 -d db23 -U usr => \conninfo You are connected to database "db23" as user "usr" on host "localhost" at port "5435". => select version(); version ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PostgreSQL 9.5.3 on i686-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Ubuntu 4.8.4-2ubuntu1~14.04) 4.8.4, 32-bit (1 row) => select * from test; id | kv ----+-------------------- 1 | "a"=>"1", "b"=>"2" 2 | "c"=>"3", "d"=>"4" (2 rows) => select pg_relation_filepath('test'); pg_relation_filepath ---------------------------------------------- pg_tblspc/16384/PG_9.5_201510051/16386/16510 (1 row) => \q waiting for server to shut down.... done server stopped